Pros and Cons of Journeys Reading Program 2017
You tin can e'er look forward to a good debate when the topic is 'Open source programming languages versus licensed programming languages'. There are pros and cons to both sides of the argument. The author gives readers, especially aspirants in the field of programming, insights into this historic period old question.
In the current tech savvy scenario, we have become besides decorated to spend fourth dimension on manual processes and hence try to go the arrangement to perform tasks to the greatest extent possible. This means nosotros must convey the instructions to the organisation, using various languages. The programming language plays an important role in letting the states manipulate the system or the machine. There are dissimilar programming languages currently in use, of which some are open source while others are proprietary.
Open source basically refers to a programme in which the source lawmaking is available to the public, gratis of cost, for use or for modification from its original design. It's actually adult by a combined try, nether which programmers better upon the code and share the changes with the public. As per the Open Source Initiative (OSI), the source code of an open source computer program is fabricated available free of price to the public so that the larger group of programmers who are non concerned virtually proprietary rights or financial gains will produce a more useful product that tin can be utilised further by anybody.
Eligibility criteria
According to DFSG (Debian Free Software Guidelines), an open source programming linguistic communication should fulfil the post-obit criteria:
1. Complimentary redistribution: An open up source programming linguistic communication should not restrict anyone from selling or giving away any component of it from an amass distribution containing various components from several unlike sources. Information technology should too not require whatever fee for such sale.
2. Source code: An open source programming language must include the source lawmaking. If, in case, some form of a product is not distributed with the source code, then there must be some means of obtaining the source lawmaking for a reasonable reproduction toll, like downloading via the Cyberspace without whatsoever accuse. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer can modify the programme. Obfuscated source code is not allowed.
three. Derived works: An open source programming language must be used to brand whatsoever changes or derived works, and also, those changes must be permitted to be distributed under the aforementioned terms and weather as that of the original programming linguistic communication.
iv. Integrity of the author's source code: An open up source programming language may restrict its source code from being distributed in modified course only if it allows the distribution of its patch files with its source code for the purpose of modifying the programme developed during build time. It must explicitly permit its distribution built from modified source code. Information technology may too require derived works to carry a different proper noun or version from the original software.
v. No bigotry against persons or groups: An open source programming linguistic communication must non discriminate against any kind of person or group of persons.
6. No discrimination against fields of try: An open source programming language must not restrict anyone from making apply of the program in a specific field of endeavour.
7. Distribution of licence: The rights attached to the open up source programming linguistic communication must apply to all to whom it is distributed, without the need for executing additional rights by those parties.
8. The licence must not exist specific to a product: The rights fastened to the open source programming linguistic communication must non depend on information technology beingness part of a detail software distribution. If information technology is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of its licence, all parties to whom information technology has been redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted forth with the original programming language distribution.
nine. The licence must not restrict other software: An open up source programming language must not place restrictions on other programming languages that are distributed forth with the licensed programming languages.
10. The licence must exist applied science-neutral: At that place is no provision for the open source programming language to be predicated on any individual applied science or way of interface.
Open source programming languages in the market
A flashback to the 18th century will reveal that the world'southward very outset plan was written past Ada Lovelace for calculating Bernoulli's Number using the Belittling Engine. The civilisation of writing programs has come up into being since and then and, afterwards, it has led to the development of diverse other programs that are used to perform some circuitous mathematical calculations.
According to Wikipedia, information technology was only in the 1950s that the beginning high-level programming language, Plankalkül, was designed and developed by the Germans to communicate instructions to the reckoner. John Mauchly's Short Code was the first high-level language ever to be developed for an electronic computer.
Today, developers and programmers have many programming language options that can be used to develop applications of their choice. Allow'southward take a await at a few such pop open up source programming languages.
ane. Java
Java is 1 of the world's most influential programming languages developed so far, and information technology is by and large open source today. It is being used at the core of many Web and Windows based applications on all platforms, operating systems and devices. This course-based object-oriented programming linguistic communication has a large number of features.
Features of Java
- Is object-oriented.
- Allows us to create various modular programs and reusable lawmaking.
- It is easily ported.
- Is platform-independent.
- Like shooting fish in a barrel to write, compile and debug.
2. PHP
PHP is on its fashion to becoming the nigh pop open source programming linguistic communication. According to many leading industry leaders, PHP has emerged as the nigh user-friendly open source language; therefore, various open source packages such every bit Joomla and Drupal are built on information technology. It's fifty-fifty upkeep-friendly and, hence, PHP based solutions are being used by entrepreneurs and SMEs also. Currently, many developers are making their debut on PHP, which clearly highlights its strong customs base.
Features of PHP
- Cross-platform compatibility.
- No need to specify the information type for variable declarations, and predefined variables can be used.
- Availability of predefined error reporting constants.
- Supports extended regular expressions.
- Has the ability to generate dynamic folio content.
- Allows the user to create, open up, read, write, delete and close files on the server
- Output tin be in HTML, images, PDF, Wink, XHTML and XML file formats.
- Runs on various platforms such equally Windows, Linux, UNIX, Mac OSx, etc.
- It is compatible with about all servers existence used currently.
3. Python
Python was developed by Guido Van Rossum in the 1980s and handed over to the non-profit Python Software Foundation, which now serves as the administrator of the Python linguistic communication. It was one of the first programming languages that was easy for people to selection upwardly quickly. It is open source and is free to apply fifty-fifty for commercial applications. It'southward used equally a scripting language, and programmers tin can easily produce readable and functional lawmaking in a very short menses of fourth dimension.
Features of Python
- Supports procedure-oriented as well as object-oriented programming (OOP). Python has a very powerful but simplistic way of implementing OOP.
- Good readability, with clear and simple syntax.
- Portable, therefore it can be interpreted in diverse operating systems, including UNIX-based systems, various Microsoft Windows versions, Mac Os, MS DOS, etc.
- The source code is open for users to modify and reuse.
- Easy to learn compared to other such languages.
- It can be embedded in C and C++.
- It'south a high-level linguistic communication that does not need compilation to the binary.
4. Perl
Perl is still under active evolution even later on 27 years. According to the Perl website, it is a stable, mature, powerful and portable language. It is highly efficient and feature rich. Perl 5 runs on over 100 platforms, which vary from portables to mainframes. It is suitable for both rapid prototyping as well as the large-calibration development of diverse projects. Perl five and Perl 6 are parts of the Perl family of languages. However, Perl 6 is a separate linguistic communication that has a unlike development squad working on it. Hence, it comes equally a dynamically typed, interpreted linguistic communication which is comparable with both PHP and Python. It is platonic for processing and producing text data. It is highly portable and widely supported.
Features of Perl
- Has unproblematic syntax, so it's easy to learn for novices also.
- It is cantankerous-platform.
- Is versatile and has a very comprehensive library of modules.
- Has a very powerful as well as flexible object-oriented programming syntax.
- Supports multiple platforms including Linux, Microsoft DOS, Windows, Apple Mac, and some mobile platforms equally well.
How to select a programming language
When we call up of choosing our first programming linguistic communication, several points pass through our minds, and the many options available add to the confusion. In that location are several factors that tin help united states select the near optimal programming language.
i. Performance and efficiency: This is ane parameter that all of u.s. await at while evaluating whatsoever programming linguistic communication. We then choose the ane that near efficiently performs a specific chore in the to the lowest degree time. In reality, no specific linguistic communication is fast. It'south the efficiency of the compiler and interpreter that makes it fast. And then we should cull accordingly.
2. Adequacy to address your specific requirements: We should choose the 1 that all-time addresses our specific problem. We cannot select a language just because it'southward popular or is highly efficient. Information technology's of no utilise if it doesn't piece of work to solve our problem.
three. Ease of learning, agreement and time taken for developing lawmaking: A programming language that takes less time for a coder to understand and learn, enabling it to exist implemented for a specific application, is better than i that is complex. As well, if it's piece of cake to empathise, it will accept less time to code and at the aforementioned time, information technology will exist easy for peers to review and modify the lawmaking.
4. Elasticity and portability: It's always good to opt for languages that can easily be modified in order to back up some new characteristic or functionality, without making too many changes. It is too advantageous if a programming language supports multiple platforms, middleware, databases and organization management facilities or if information technology can support these with very few adjustments.
five. Security: A programming language should include specific security measures in order to protect its code from malicious usage.
6. Popularity and support: If the language we select is popular, and then it becomes easier for the states to discover reference cloth. Likewise, the chances of finding its library files are higher, compared to less popular languages. It will exist adept if proper back up is available as this saves a lot of time.
Open source vs licensed programming languages
The benefits
- One of the most of import reasons for preferring open up source programming languages is that their source code can be customised efficiently to fit our needs and requirements, whereas in the case of a licensed programming linguistic communication, if the source code is made available past the owner, it can be customised merely to the permissible extent.
- Open up source programming languages are subject to peer review constantly, and so the bugs present in the program lawmaking can be easily institute and fixed. Users from different programming backgrounds and countries tin can interact, unlike in the case of commercially adult programs where only the developers of the original piece of code can actually change it.
- Open source programming languages likewise let the translation of the source code from one language to another, whereas in the case of licensed programming languages, the developers of the source code may non let that.
- Open source programming languages are costless to endeavour out before actual implementation, unlike licensed ones, where nosotros have trial versions that are valid for a few days only.
- Open up source programming languages are more secure overall.
A few disadvantages
- It becomes confusing, sometimes, when so many changes are made in the source code of an open source programming language, by different users. Ultimately, this leaves us wondering about the version of the code we are using. In the case of licensed programming languages, the changes are made past developers of the source lawmaking and they clearly notify the electric current version of the lawmaking.
- Open source programming languages can also exist tough to take on if we are very new to a certain language. If someone has worked on some previous code and hasn't commented information technology, just has written some messy lines of lawmaking, it can be extremely confusing to unravel.
- It becomes difficult to find support for some open source programming languages if community users do not accept a solution to your specific problem, whereas for licensed languages, the developers provide full-time support.
It's rather difficult to come to a definite decision on whether we demand to opt for an open source programming language or a licensed pick since both take a few advantages and disadvantages. Although in that location are some pregnant pros associated with open source programming languages, similar allowing for complete customisation for whatever task we are trying to accomplish and likewise total access to the source code, nosotros cannot disengage ourselves completely from using licensed programming languages, since these are also useful at times when we suffer from platform dependency or tool support issues. Before taking the plunge, we demand to consider the several factors we have discussed along with our requirements while choosing a specific programming language.
Boosted information
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a non-profit organization that promotes open up source products by certifying them with the Open Source Software trademark.
Debian Complimentary Software Guidelines (DFSG) is a set of guidelines initially designed as a set of commitments that Debian agreed to abide by, and this has been adopted by the free software customs as the basis of the Open up Source Definition.
Source: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2016/11/pros-cons-open-source-programming-languages/
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